{"id":28416,"date":"2025-07-09T11:31:47","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T03:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zm3dpowder.com\/?p=28416"},"modified":"2025-07-09T11:36:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T03:36:43","slug":"iron-powder-for-additive-manufacturing-3d-printing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zm3dpowder.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629-\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f-\u0644\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (DED)<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 DED \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f DED \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 [5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 AM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/span>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a [7].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f AM \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (COA) \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u0647\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0640 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        [1] \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. (2020). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>. [2] \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AM. (2023). \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/em>. [3] \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Metallurgy.com. 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